Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqedela lolu hlu lokuhlola?

Ungaqedela izinyathelo ezinomthelela omkhulu kakhulu — ukufaka i-VPN, ukunika amandla i-2FA, nokushintshela kusibhrawuza sobumfihlo — ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-30. Uhlu olugcwele lungathatha amahora ambalwa asakazwe esonto njengoba ubuyekeza izilungiselelo ze-akhawunti, uhlola izimvume, futhi uhlela amasevisi abethulwe. Awudingi ukwenza konke kanye kanye.

Iziphi izinto okufanele ngiqale ngazo?

Qala ngezinto ezinomthelela omkhulu kakhulu: faka i-VPN futhi uyigcine ixhumekile, nika amandla i-2FA kuma-akhawunti akho abaluleke kakhulu (i-imeyili, i-banking, izinkundla zokuxhumana), futhi ushintshele kusibhrawuza esigxile ebumfihlweni. Lezi zinguquko ezintathu kuphela zinciphisa kakhulu ukuvezwa kwakho.

Ngabe ngidinga ukukhokhela amathuluzi obumfihlo?

Amathuluzi obumfihlo amaningi amahhala. Izibhrawuza ze-Firefox ne-Brave zimahhala. I-Signal yokuthumela imiyalezo imahhala. I-Proton Mail kanye ne-Proton VPN bazinga elimahhala. Nokho, ukubhalisa kwe-VPN okukhokhelwayo ($3-12/inyanga) kufanele ukutshalwa kwemali ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile, okusheshayo, okungenamarekhodi. Umphathi wamaphasiwedi okhokhelwayo ($1-4/inyanga) naye uphakanyiswa kakhulu.

Ngabe lolu hlu lokuhlola lwanele ukuze ngiphathwe ngokungaziwa ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi?

Lolu hlu lokuhlola lwenza ngcono kakhulu ubumfihlo bakho kodwa alusiqinisekisi ukungaziwa okuphelele. Ukungaziwa kwangempela kudinga ukuphepha kokusebenza okuthuthukile — ukusebenzisa i-Tor, ukugwema wonke ama-akhawunti omuntu siqu, nokungahlanganisi imisebenzi engaziwa nehlonzwayo. Kubantu abaningi, lolu hlu luhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kobumfihlo kwemihla ngemihla okuqinile.

Kufanele ngibuyekeze kangakanani lolu hlu lokuhlola?

Buyekeza ukusethwa kobumfihlo bakho zonke izinyanga ezi-3-6. Hlola amaphutha amasha edatha athinta ama-akhawunti akho, hlola izimvume zama-app, vuselela i-VPN nesibhrawuza sakho, futhi ususe noma yimaphi ama-akhawunti amasha angasetshenziswa. Ubumfihlo bungumkhuba oqhubekayo, hhayi ukusethwa kwesikhathi esisodwa.

Uhlu lokuhlola ubumfihlo bekuxhumana nge-inthanethi — Izinyathelo ezingu-25 zokuvikela idatha yakho

Ukuvikela ubumfihlo bakho be-inthanethi akusona isenzo esisodwa — kuyiqoqo lemikhuba, izilungiselelo namathuluzi asebenza ndawonye. Lolu hlu lokuhlola luhlanganisa izinyathelo ezingu-25 ezisebenzayo ezihlelwe ezigabeni ezinhlanu. Sebenza phakathi kwazo ngesivinini sakho. Isinyathelo ngasinye sifaka incazelo emfushane, futhi lapho kufanele khona, izixhumanisi zamathuluzi e-ipdrop.io ongawasebenzisa ukuze uqinisekise inqubekela phambili yakho. Awudingi ukuqeda yonke into ukuze wenze umehluko — ngisho nezinguquko ezimbalwa zinciphisa kakhulu ukuvezwa kwakho.

Ubumfihlo besibhrawuza

Isibhrawuza sakho yisango eliyinhloko phakathi kwakho ne-inthanethi. Lezi zinyathelo ezinhlanu zinciphisa inani ledatha esivuza ngaso izinkundla nababhekisi.

Sebenzisa isibhrawuza esigxile ebumfihlweni — Shintshela ku-Firefox, Brave, noma Tor Browser. Lezi zibhrawuza zivimba ababhekisi ngokuzenzakalelayo, zikhawulela ukucindezelwa kweminwe, futhi azidlulisi idatha yakho yokubhrawuza ezinkampanini zezikhangiso. I-Chrome iyisibhrawuza esidumile kakhulu kepha sakhiwa yinkampani enkulu kakhulu yezikhangiso emhlabeni.
Vumela ukuvikelwa ekulandeleni — Vula ukuvikelwa ekulandeleni okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwesibhrawuza sakho ekusethweni okuqinile kunazo zonke. Ku-Firefox, iya ku Izilungiselelo > Ubumfihlo Nokuphepha bese ukhetha Okuqinile. Ku-Brave, izihlangu zisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Sula amakhukhi nedatha yesayithi njalo — Amakhukhi alandelela amaseshini akho nomlando wokubhrawuza emasayithini ahlukene. Setha isibhrawuza sakho ukuthi sisule amakhukhi lapho uphuma, noma usebenzise i-Cookie AutoDelete.
Khubaza i-WebRTC ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-IP — I-WebRTC iyifutha lesibhrawuza elingaveza ikheli lakho leqiniso le-IP ngisho lapho usebenzisa i-VPN. Ku-Firefox, setha media.peerconnection.enabled ku-false ku-about:config. Ku-Brave, kuvale ku Izilungiselelo. Sebenzisa Uvivinyo lokuvuza lwe-WebRTC ukuze uqinisekise.
Hlola ucindezelo lweminwe lwesibhrawuza sakho — Ngisho ngaphandle kwamakhukhi, amawebhusayithi angakuhlonza ngokucindezela kweminwe yesibhrawuza. Sebenzisa Ithuluzi le-Fingerprint lethu ukuze ubone ukuthi isibhrawuza sakho siyingqayizivele kangakanani futhi yiziphi izici eziwumkhondo kakhulu.

Ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi

Uxhumano lwakho lwenethiwekhi lunquma ukuthi ubani ongabona ithrafikhi yakho nokuthi idatha yakho ihamba kuphi. Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lubhalwe ngokufihlekile futhi lungenakuvuza.

Sebenzisa i-VPN — I-VPN ibhala ngokufihlekile yonke ithrafikhi yakho ye-inthanethi futhi ifihle ikheli lakho leqiniso le-IP. Khetha umhlinzeki onenqubomgomo eqinisekisiwe yamarekhodi, ukubethelwa okuqinile (i-WireGuard noma i-OpenVPN), kanye ne-kill switch. Yigcine ixhumekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi angethembeki.
Hlola ukuvuza kwe-DNS — Ngisho nange-VPN, imibuzo yakho ye-DNS ingadlula emaseva e-ISP yakho, idalula wonke amawebhusayithi owavakashelayo. Sebenzisa uvivinyo lokuvuza lwe-DNS ngemva kokuxhuma ne-VPN yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imibuzo idlula etheneleni le-VPN.
Sebenzisa i-HTTPS yonke indawo — I-HTTPS ibhala ngokufihlekile idatha phakathi kwesibhrawuza sakho newebhusayithi. Izibhrawuza eziningi zanamuhla zibonisa isithonjana sengoso ngoxhumano lwe-HTTPS. Gwema ukufaka noma iluphi ulwazi olubucayi emasayithini we-HTTP. Cabangela ukusebenzisa imodi ye-HTTPS-Only ezilungiselelweni zesibhrawuza sakho.
Gwema i-Wi-Fi yomphakathi ngaphandle kwe-VPN — Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi omphakathi ezindaweni zekhofi, ezinkundleni zezindiza, namahhotela awakhuselekile ngokwemvelo. Uma kufanele usebenzise i-Wi-Fi yomphakathi, njalo qala uxhume ne-VPN yakho. Bheka umhlahlandlela we-Wi-Fi yomphakathi wethu ngemininingwane egcwele.
Sebenzisa i-DNS ebhalwe ngokufihlekile — Shintshela kusukela ku-DNS okuzenzakalelayo ye-ISP yakho ukuya kumhlinzeki we-DNS obhalwe ngokufihlekile njenge-Cloudflare (1.1.1.1) noma i-Quad9 (9.9.9.9) usebenzisa i-DNS-over-HTTPS noma i-DNS-over-TLS. Lokhu kuvimbela i-ISP yakho ekugcineni amarekhodi okuthi yiziphi izinkundla ozivakashelayo ngemibuzo ye-DNS.

Ukuvikeleka kwe-akhawunti

Ukuvikeleka okuqinile kwe-akhawunti kuvimba ukungenwa okungagunyaziwe edatheni yakho yomuntu siqu. Lezi zinyathelo zivikela ama-akhawunti akho ekuphulweni, ekuthungweni nasekwebiweni kwama-akhredensiyali.

Vumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA) — Yenezela isigwedlo sesibili sokuvikelwa kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti akusekelayo. Sebenzisa i-app yokuqinisekisa (njenge-Ente Auth noma i-Aegis) esikhundleni se-SMS. Bheka umhlahlandlela we-2FA wethu ngemininingwane yokusethwa.
Sebenzisa umphathi wamaphasiwedi — Umphathi wamaphasiwedi ukhiqiza futhi agcine amaphasiwedi aqinile, ayingqayizivele kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti. Udinga ukukhumbula iphasiwedi eyodwa kuphela. I-Proton Pass, i-Bitwarden, ne-1Password ziyizinketho eziqinile.
Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi ayingqayizivele kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti — Uma isevisi eyodwa iphulwa futhi usebenzise iphasiwedi efanayo kwenye indawo, abahlaseli bangangenisa kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti akho. Lokhu kubizwa nge-credential stuffing. Umphathi wamaphasiwedi wenza amaphasiwedi ayingqayizivele angabi nzima.
Hlola ukuthi idatha yakho iphuliwe yini — Vakashela i-haveibeenpwned.com ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-imeyili noma inombolo yakho yefoni ivele yini ekuphulweni okwaziwayo kwedatha. Uma kunjalo, shintsha amaphasiwedi athintekayo ngokushesha futhi unike amandla i-2FA kulawo ma-akhawunti.
Buyekeza izimvume zama-app eziphathi zesithathu — Hlola ama-app namasevisi axhunywe kuma-akhawunti akho e-Google, e-Apple, e-Facebook, namanye. Susa noma yimaphi ongasawasebenzisi. I-app ngayinye exhunyiweyo iyiphuzu langaphakathi elingenzeka lokungenisa noma lokuvuza idatha yakho.

Ubumfihlo bokuxhumana

Imiyalezo yakho, ama-imeyili, namafayela aqukethe amanye edatha yakho ebucayi kakhulu. Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwakho kuhlala kuyimfihlo.

Sebenzisa i-imeyili ebhalwe ngokufihlekile — I-imeyili evamile (Gmail, Outlook) ayibhalwe ngokufihlekile kusukela ekupheleni-ukuya-ekupheleni — umhlinzeki angafunda imiyalezo yakho. Shintshela ku-Proton Mail noma Tuta. Bheka umhlahlandlela wethu we-imeyili ebhalwe ngokufihlekile ngesithombe esiphelele.
Sebenzisa ama-app okuthumela imiyalezo abhalwe ngokufihlekile — Sebenzisa i-Signal yokuthumela imiyalezo eyimfihlo. Inikeza ukubhalwa ngokufihlekile kusukela ekupheleni-ukuya-ekupheleni kwekhasi, izingcingo, namamidiya nge-open-source code ehlolwe ngokuzimela. Gwema i-SMS nezingcingo ezijwayelekile zezingxoxo ezibucayi.
Sebenzisa isitoreji samafayela esibhalwe ngokufihlekile — Gcina amafayela abucayi esevisini ye-cloud ebhalwe ngokufihlekile njenge-Proton Drive noma i-Tresorit. Abahlinzeki bezitoreji ze-cloud ezivamile (Google Drive, Dropbox) bangakwazi ukufinyelela kumafayela akho. Bheka umhlahlandlela wesitoreji esibhalwe ngokufihlekile wethu.
Gwema i-SMS yokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili — Imiyalezo ye-SMS ingavinjelwa ngokuhlasela kwe-SIM swapping, lapho umhlaseli ekhalimisa inkampani yakho yenethiwekhi ukuthi idlulisele inombolo yakho. Sebenzisa i-app yokuqinisekisa noma ukhiye wokuphepha we-hardware esikhundleni se-SMS ye-2FA.
Buyekeza izimvume zama-app efonini yakho — Hlola ukuthi yimaphi ama-app afinyelela kukhamera yakho, imayikhrofoni, indawo, oxhumana nabo, nezithombe. Hoxisa izimvume kunoma yiliphi i-app engalidingi. Ku-iOS, iya ku Izilungiselelo > Ubumfihlo Nokuphepha. Ku-Android, iya ku Izilungiselelo > Ubumfihlo.

Ukuncipha kwedatha

Idatha encane oyikhiqizayo neyabiwe, indlovu yokuthi ingaqoqwa, idayiswe noma ivuze. Lezi zinyathelo zinciphisa unyathelo lwakho oluyidijithali.

Khawulela ukwabelana ngezinkundla zokuxhumana — Okuthunyelwe ngakunye, isithombe nokungenisa kwenezelela kuphrofayili yakho yedijithali. Gwema ukwabelana indawo yakho yangempela, izinhlelo zokuhamba, usuku lokuzalwa oluphelele, noma ulwazi olungasetshenziswa ukuphendula imibuzo yokuphepha. Buyekeza okuthunyelwe okukhona futhi usule noma yini eqotho kakhulu yomuntu siqu.
Phuma ekulandeleweni kwedatha nasekuhlaziyweni kwezikhangiso — Vakashela izilungiselelo zama-akhawunti akho e-Google, e-Facebook, ne-Apple ukuze ukhubaze ukuhlaziywa kwezikhangiso nokulandelelwa komsebenzi. Ku-Google, iya ku-myactivity.google.com ukuze umise umsebenzi we-Web kanye ne-App, Umlando wendawo, kanye nomlando we-YouTube.
Sebenzisa amakheli e-imeyili egama lokuzitholela — Sebenzisa amagama e-imeyili enzima ngokumelene namakheli okulahlwa kokubhaliselwa kwe-inthanethi, ama-newsletter, namasevisi ongawathembi ngokuphelele. I-Proton Mail, i-SimpleLogin, kanye ne-Firefox Relay zikuvumela ukuthi udale amagama enzima abhekiselwa ebhokisini lakho langempela ngaphandle kokulivela.
Buyekeza izilungiselelo zobumfihlo kuwo wonke amasevisi — Hamba ezilungiselelweni zobumfihlo zesevisi ngayinye enkulu oyisebenzisayo — izinkundla zokuxhumana, i-imeyili, izinjini zokucinga, isitoreji se-cloud, namasayithi okuthenga. Setha konke kunketho ekhawulela kakhulu. Amasevisi amaningi azenzakalelayo ekuqoqweni kwedatha okuphezulu.
Susa ama-akhawunti angasebenzi — I-akhawunti ngayinye onayo iphutha lokungenakuvinjelwa kwedatha elilindele ukwenzeka. Susa ama-akhawunti ongasawasebenzisi. Amasayithi njenge-justdelete.me anikeza izixhumanisi eziqondile zamakhasi okususa i-akhawunti emasevisini ayikhulu.

TL;DR — Isifinyezo esisheshayo

✓ Sebenzisa i-VPN ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze ubhale ngokufihlekile ithrafikhi yakho futhi ufihle ikheli lakho le-IP emawebhusayithini, kuma-ISP, naphathi nethiwekhi.
✓ Shintshela kusibhrawuza esigxile ebumfihlweni (Firefox noma Brave) futhi ukhubaze i-WebRTC ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-IP.
✓ Nika amandla i-2FA kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti futhi usebenzise umphathi wamaphasiwedi ukuze ukhiqize amaphasiwedi ayingqayizivele.
✓ Sebenzisa i-imeyili ebhalwe ngokufihlekile (Proton Mail), ukuthumela imiyalezo okubhalwe ngokufihlekile (Signal), nesitoreji samafayela esibhalwe ngokufihlekile (Proton Drive) yedatha ebucayi.
✓ Nciphisa unyathelo lwakho oluyidijithali: khawulela ukwabelana ngezinkundla zokuxhumana, sebenzisa amagama e-imeyili, phuma ekulandeleweni kwezikhangiso, futhi ususe ama-akhawunti angasebenzi.

Sewulungele ukuqinisekisa ukusethwa kwakho? Sebenzisa amathuluzi ethu amahhala IP Lookup, Uvivinyo lokuvuza lwe-DNS, Uvivinyo lokuvuza lwe-WebRTC, ne-Fingerprint ukuze uhlole isimo sakho sobumfihlo.