Signal Private Messenger: Me yasa yake matsayin azahar zinare ga hadin sadarwa mai ɓoye

Menene Signal?

Signal wata app ce ta sadarwa kyauta, mai tushe a buɗe wacce ke ba ku damar aika rubutu, murya, bidiyo, da saƙonnin fayil tare da mafi ƙarfin ɓoyawa mai aiki na karshe-zuwa-karshe da masu amfani za su iya samu. Signal Foundation ce ta haɓaka shi, ƙungiyar ba-riba ta Amurka, kuma ana samun kuɗi gabaɗaya ta hanyar gudummawa — babu tallace-tallace, babu siyar da bayanai, babu matsayin babba.

Duk manyan ƙungiyoyin sirri (EFF, Tor Project, Privacy International) suna ba da shawarar app ɗin, 'yan jarida, masu fafutuka, lauyoyi, da masu binciken tsaro a duk duniya suna amfani da shi, kuma Edward Snowden ya ba da shawarar a matsayin saƙon da yake amfani da shi kullum.

Abin da ke sa Signal ya bambanta

Yawancin saƙon "ɓoyayyu" suna kare saƙonku a cikin tafiya amma suna bayyana bayanai da yawa game da ku ga kamfaninsu:

Kaddarori	Signal	WhatsApp	Telegram	iMessage	SMS
Ɓoyewa na karshe-zuwa-karshe da gaske	✅	✅	❌ (kawai "Secret Chats")	✅ (Apple↔Apple)	❌
Abokan ciniki masu tushe a buɗe	✅ duk dandamali	❌	wani sashi	❌	b/a
Sabar mai tushe a buɗe	✅	❌	❌	❌	b/a
Rage bayanan meta	✅ mai tsanani	❌ an raba da Meta	❌ an riƙe	wani sashi	❌
Mai aika mai hatimi	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
Yana gudanar da ƙungiya mai zaman kanta	✅	❌ (Meta)	❌	❌ (Apple)	b/a
Ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar tallace-tallace ko bayanai	❌ ba taɓa	✅ (tallan Meta)	wani sashi	b/a	b/a

Haɗuwar waɗannan layukan shine abin da ke sa Signal ya zama na musamman. Wasu saƙon na iya daidaita da Signal akan ƙarfin ɓoyewa, amma babu madadin babba da ya daidaita da cikakkiyar kunshin ƙarfin ɓoyewa, bayanan meta kaɗan, cikakken lambar tushe a buɗe, da tsarin samun kuɗi da ke daidai da sirrin masu amfani.

Ɓoyewa na karshe-zuwa-karshe, daidai

Signal yana amfani da Signal Protocol (asali Axolotl), ƙirar ɓoyewa ta zamani wacce ta haɗa:

• Double Ratchet — yana samar da sabon mabuɗin ɓoyewa ga kowane saƙo, don haka ko da an damje mabuɗi ɗaya ko ta yaya, wannan saƙo ɗaya kawai ne aka fallasa
• Sirrin gaba — saƙonnin da suka wuce suna kasancewa lafiya ko da mabuɗin ku na yanzu ya fito
• Sirrin gaba (tsaron bayan lalacewa) — idan mabuɗin ku ya fito, tsarin yana warkar da kansa ta atomatik don saƙonnin gaba su zauna lafiya kuma
• Ƙaryawa — saƙonnin suna tabbatar da sahihi ga mai karɓa amma ba ga ɓangare na uku ba, don haka babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da kun aika saƙo na musamman bayan abin ya faru

Tsarin yana da kyakkyawan ƙira sosai har WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Google Messages, da Skype duk suna ba da lasisin don nasu ɓoyewa na karshe-zuwa-karshe. Sa'ad da manyan apps na sadarwa na duniya suke buƙatar ɓoyewar da suke amincewa da ita, suna kai hannu ga ƙirar Signal.

An buga aiwatar da cryptographic a fili kuma masu binciken tsaro masu zaman kansu sun yi bincike — har da tabbatacciyar shaida ta lissafi na kaddarorin tsarin da aka buga a cikin takardun da aka bincika.

Bayanan meta: inda Signal ya fi nasara

Ɓoyewa yana kare abun ciki na saƙo. Bayanan meta — wanda kuka yi magana da shi, yaushe, sau nawa, daga ina — sau da yawa suna bayyana fiye da abun ciki kansa. Babban lauyan NSA Stewart Baker ya shahara ya ce: "Muna kashe mutane bisa kan bayanan meta."

Yawancin saƙon suna riƙe da bayanan meta masu yawa. WhatsApp yana raba da kamfaninsa na iyaye Meta:

• Jerin abokanku
• Wanda kuke aika saƙo zuwa gare shi da lokacin
• Adireshin IP ɗinku a lokacin saƙo
• Membobin ƙungiya
• Matsayin "na gani karshe"

Signal, da ƙira, yana riƙe da kusan komai:

• ❌ babu jerin abokai (an daidaita a cikin gida akan na'urarku ta amfani da cryptographic hashes)
• ❌ babu logins na hanyar saƙo
• ❌ babu jadawali na wanda-ke-magana-da-wanda
• ❌ babu jerin membobin ƙungiya a sabar
• ❌ babu lokutan "na gani karshe" da aka adana a cibiya
• ✅ kwanan watan halittar asusun
• ✅ lokacin haɗin karshe (an zagaye zuwa rana)

Sa'ad da FBI ta yi sammacin Signal — kuma sun yi, sau da yawa — suna karɓan waɗannan fillaye na karshe biyu kawai. Signal yana buga kowane buƙatar gwamnati da martaninsu a https://signal.org/bigbrother/. Bambancin tsakanin abin da ake tambaya da abin da Signal zai iya bayar yana da ban mamaki.

Mai Aika Mai Hatimi

Signal ya ci gaba da fasali da ake kira Mai Aika Mai Hatimi. A al'ada sabar dole ne ta san wanda yake aika saƙo don ta kai shi. Mai Aika Mai Hatimi yana amfani da ambulaf na cryptographic don haka ko sabar Signal kanta ba za ta iya ganin wanda ya aika saƙon ba — wanda aka yi masa adireshin kawai. Sabar ta rage zuwa relay marar hankali da ba ya san wanda ke magana da wanda.

Me yasa tushe a buɗe yana da mahimmanci

Signal yana buga cikakken lambar tushe don kowane abokin ciniki (iOS, Android, Desktop, web) da sabar. Wannan yana nufin:

• Masu binciken tsaro masu zaman kansu na iya bincika kowane layi
• Za ku iya haɗa Signal da kanku ku tabbatar da cewa binary da aka buga ya dace
• Kowane mutum zai iya gano kurakurai da kofofi na baya, ba kamfanin kawai ba
• Forks kamar Molly (abokin ciniki na Android Signal da aka karfafa) sun tabbatar da cewa ƙirar tana da kyau

Kwatanta da saƙon tushe-rufaffe inda dole ne ku amince da da'awar kamfanin game da abin da app ɗinsu ke yi. Lambar Signal tana a https://github.com/signalapp don kowa ya duba.

Tambayar lambar-waya

Babban sukar sirrin Signal a tarihi ita ce tana buƙatar lambar waya don yin rajista. Wannan musayar gaske ce: lambobin waya suna sauƙaƙe gano ("ga waɗannan abokai na da ke cikin Signal"), amma su ma bayanin da ke tantance mutum ne.

Amsar Signal, da aka buga a 2024:

• Sunayen masu amfani na zaɓi — za ku iya yin hira da wani ta amfani da sunan mai amfani maimakon lambar waya, don haka mai karɓa ba ya taɓa ganin lambarku
• Maɓallin gano lambar waya — za ku iya buƙatar sunan-mai-amfani-ko-hanyar-haɗi, kuna ɓoyewa daga bincikar "same ni ta lambar waya"
• Lambobin waya sun ci gaba da haɗuwa da asusun a ƙarƙashi — Signal har yanzu yana amfani da su don tabbatarwar SMS a lokacin rajista da sake-tabbatarwa

Idan lambar wayarku tana da matuƙa sosai (kun kasance ɗan jarida kana kare tushe, mai fafutuka a yanayi mai gaba, da sauransu), daidaitaccen al'ada shine yin rajistar Signal da lambar biyu — Google Voice, Twilio, JMP.chat, ko SIM a wata waya — ku yi amfani da wannan a matsayin ainihin Signal ɗinku. Lambar biyu dole ta kasance mai isa ga sake-tabbatarwa lokaci-lokaci.

Fasaloli masu amfani da ke da mahimmanci

Bayan ɓoyewa, Signal ya haɗa da fasalolin sirri waɗanda sauran saƙon ko dai ba su da su ko suna ɗauke da su a matsayin na biyu:

Saƙonnin da ke ɓacewa

Saita na lokaci-lokaci (dakika 5 zuwa makonni 4) kuma saƙonnin suna ɓacewa ta atomatik bayan mai karɓa ya karanta su. Za ku iya saita lokaci na gaske ga duk sabbin hirarku. Muhimmi ne ga hirarku masu mahimmanci: idan an yi wa wayarku kwace ko an damje shi daga baya, tarihin da aka goge ya ɓace.

Kulle allo

Kulle app ɗin Signal da kansa a bayan Face ID, Touch ID, ko PIN na na'urarku — daban da buɗewar na'urar. Yana nufin wayar da aka buɗe-kuma-aka-ba-da har yanzu ba ta fallasa saƙonninku ba.

Bayanin kula da kai

Signal ya haɗa da hiran "Bayanin kula da kai" wanda shine pad ɗin rubutu na sirri mai ɓoyewa na karshe-zuwa-karshe wanda aka daidaita a duk na'urorinku. Mai amfani ne don adana lambobin 2FA, hanyoyin da kuke son karanta daga baya, ko ɗan gajeren bayani — duk tare da ƙwararrun garantin tsaro kamar saƙonnin ga wasu mutane.

Sabuntawar salon labari

Signal Stories suna aiki kamar Instagram ko WhatsApp Stories amma tare da ɓoyewar E2E iri ɗaya. Zaɓi ainihin abokan da za su iya ganin kowane labari; babu abin da ya fito ga ciyarwa ko tsarin ba da shawara.

Kiran murya da bidiyo

Kiran Signal suna da ɓoyewa na karshe-zuwa-karshe da tsari ɗaya, har da kiran ƙungiya har zuwa mahalarta 50. Ingancin sauti yana da kyau, kuma ana juyar da kiran ta hanyar sabobin relay na Signal don ko wanne mahalarta ba dole ya fallasa IP ɗinsa ga ɗayan ba.

Daidaitawar na'urori masu yawa

Signal yana aiki akan na'urori masu yawa da aka haɗa da asusun ɗaya — wayarku (babba), da apps na tebur don macOS, Windows, Linux, da app na iPad. Na'urori da aka haɗa suna karɓan saƙonnin da kansu; ba kwa buƙatar wayarku ya kasance kan layi don tebur ya yi aiki.

Abin da Signal ba ya da kyau

Tantancewar gaskiya na musayoyi:

• Babu fallback na SMS — App na Android na Signal ya dakatar da goyan bayan SMS a 2023. Wasu masu amfani sun rasa akwatin da aka haɗa.
• Babu ajiyar gajimare da gaske akan iOS — tarihin saƙonninku yana zaune akan na'urarku. Ƙaura zuwa sabuwar waya yana buƙatar aikin canja wuri; idan wayarku ta ɓace ba tare da canja wuri ba, tarihin saƙonninku ya ɓace. (Wannan kuma fasalin sirri ne: babu abin da maharin zai yi sammaci daga iCloud.)
• Ƙaramin masu amfani fiye da WhatsApp — abokanku ba su kasance akan Signal ba tukuna. Sau da yawa yana buƙatar labarin bidiyo guda (babban keta bayanai, lokacin Apple-vs-FBI) don sabbin masu amfani su shigo.
• Fasalolin ƙungiya sun kasance na asali idan aka kwatanta da manyan tashoshin jama'ar Telegram. Signal ba ya bin wannan amfani da gangan — suna son hira ta ƙungiya ta sirri, ba dandamalan watsa labarai ba.
• Binciken sunan mai amfani ya kasance na ainihin-daidai — ba za ku iya bincika "nemo masu amfani da sunan Alice" ba, kawai duba takamaiman sunan mai amfani da wani ya ba ku.

Wanda ya kamata ya yi amfani da Signal

Amsa ta gaske: kowa da yake musayar kowane saƙon rubutu da wani mutum — har ma da na yau da kullum. Kuɗin da ya rage na canza zuwa Signal don abokin da kuka riga kuna aika saƙo zuwa gare shi kusan sifili ne, kuma za ku sami ɓoyewa na karshe-zuwa-karshe, babu tallace-tallace, da saƙon da aka ba da kuɗi don yi muku hidima maimakon samun riba daga gare ku.

Shari'ar ta fi dacewa ga:

• 'Yan jarida masu kare tushe
• Lauyoyi da abokan ciniki waɗanda suke buƙatar sadarwa mai gata
• Masu fafutuka, masu adawa, da ma'aikatan haƙƙin ɗan adam a kowane yanayi
• Duk wanda ke tattauna lafiya, kuɗi, dangantaka, rikice-rikicen iyali — duk abin da ba ku so bayanan da ya fito nan gaba ya ƙunshi
• Kamfanoni masu tattaunawa game da asirin kasuwanci, M&A, yanke shawarar ɗaukar ma'aikata — duk abin da zai cutar da kasuwancinku idan an fitar da shi

Ga waɗannan amfani, Signal shine mafi ƙarancin tushe. Idan ba ku kan Signal ba, kuna watsa hirarku ta hanyar samar da kamfanin tallace-tallace na kayan aikin rajista.

Kuɗi da dorewa

Signal yana aiki ta hanyar Signal Foundation, ƙungiyar ba-riba ta Amurka 501(c)(3). Kuɗi yana fitowa daga:

• Gudummawar mutane ta signal.org/donate (babban layin kuɗin shigowa)
• Gudummawar $50M daga wanda ya kafa WhatsApp Brian Acton a 2018
• Ƙananan tallafi daga ƙungiyoyin da ke mai da hankali kan sirri
• Ajiyar kuɗi daga ƙashin gwiwar foundation na 2018

Kuɗin aiki na gaske ne — Shugabar Signal Meredith Whittaker ta bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa ƙungiyar tana buƙatar kusan $50M/shekara don ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan yanzu. Idan kuna amfani da Signal kullum, gudummawa kai tsaye tana ba da kuɗi ga mutanen da ke rubuta lambar. Babu tallace-tallace ko hauhawar farashin da za a damu da shi; gudummawar ita ce dukan tsarin kuɗin shigowa.

Maganar karshe

Signal shine kamannin sadarwa ta sirri sa'ad da aka tsara shi ta hanyar injiniyoyin sirri, an yi bincike a fili, kuma yana gudanar da ƙungiya da ba ta buƙatar samun riba daga gare ku ba. Ɓoyewar tana cikin mafi kyawun aji, sawun bayanan meta ya kusan kai sifili, kuma tsarin samun kuɗi yana nufin babu ƙarfin gwiwa da za a taɓa canza wannan. Buƙatun lambar waya musayar gaske ce amma wanda aka rage sosai ta ƙarin sunayen masu amfani a 2024.

Idan kuna ɗaukar sirri da muhimmanci kuma ba ku damu da shigarwa na daƙiƙa 30 ba, Signal ya kamata ya zama saƙonku na gaske. Idan abokanku ba su kan shi ba tukuna, aika musu gayyata — tasirin hanyar sadarwa shine kawai abin da ke tsaye tsakanin Signal da kasancewar ko'ina, kuma kowane sabon mai amfani yana motsa alƙalami.